Spatial association between the incidence rate of COVID-19 and poverty in the São Paulo municipality, Brazil.

In this article, we investigated the spatial dependence of the incidence rate by COVID-19 in the São Paulo municipality, Brazil, including the association between the spatially smoothed incidence rate (INC_EBS) and the social determinants of poverty, the average Salary (SAL), the percentage of households located in slums (SLUMS) and the percentage of the population above 60 years of age (POP>60Y). We used data on the number notified cases accumulated per district by May 18, 2020. The spatial dependence of the spatially smoothed incidence rate was investigated through the analysis of univariate local spatial autocorrelation using Moran's I. To evaluate the spatial association between the INC_EBS and the determinants SAL, POP>60Y and SLUMS, we used the local bivariate Moran's I. The results showed that the spatially smoothed incidence rate for COVID-19 presented significant spatial autocorrelation (I = 0.333; P<0.05), indicating that the cases were concentrated in clusters of neighbouring districts. The INC_EBS showed a negative spatial association with SAL (I = -0.253, P<0.05) and POP>60Y (I = -0.398, P<0.05). We also found that the INC_EBS showed a positive spatial association with households located in the slums (I = 0.237, P<0.05). Our study concluded that the households where the population most vulnerable to COVID-19 resides were spatially distributed in the districts with lower salaries, higher percentages of slums and lower percentages of the population above 60 years of age.

Relação entre lesões em mucosa oral de idosos e exclusão socioespacial urbana em Piracicaba, SP: uma nova abordagem diagnóstica complementar em saúde bucal coletiva / Relationship between oral mucosal lesions in the elderly and urban sociospatial exclusion in Piracicaba, Brazil: a new complementary diagnostic approach in public health dentistry

Objetivo: analisar o padrão de distribuição espacial dos casos de lesões de mucosa oral (LMO) segundo a exclusão socioespacial em idosos residentes na área urbana de Piracicaba, SP. Métodos: amostra não probabilística por conveniência de 1.848 idosos avaliados em 30 bairros de Piracicaba, SP. A metodologia empregada nesta pesquisa baseia-se em estudo ecológico de análise espacial de casos de LMO avaliados durante a campanha de prevenção e diagnóstico precoce do câncer bucal realizada em 2012. A exclusão social foi medida por meio do Índice de Exclusão Social (IEX); foram analisadas a taxa média de prevalência anual e a intensidade e significância dos aglomerados segundo a exclusão socioespacial, utilizando-se o Índice Global de Moran e o Índice LISAMap. Resultados: a prevalência de LMO em idosos piracicabanos foi de 8,00% e a taxa de LMO média anual atingiu 1,20 casos/bairro, sendo que, os bairros Jardim Planalto (5,00) e Jardim São Francisco (9,00) registraram as maiores taxas; o Índice Global de Moran foi de -0,238, o que sugere a existência de correlação espacial inversa; houve formação de agrupamentos em bairros localizados nas regiões Central, Leste e Oeste. Conclusão: na área urbana de Piracicaba foi observada relação entre o padrão socioespacial da população e a prevalência de LMO no ano de 2012, com formação de agrupamentos onde devem ser priorizados esforços de políticas públicas de saúde bucal para idosos.(AU)

Aim: To analyze the spatial distribution pattern of cases of oral mucosa lesions (OML) according to the sociospatial exclusion of elderly residents in the urban area of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Methods: This study consisted of a convenience nonprobability sample with 1,848 elders evaluated in 30 Piracicaba neighborhoods. The methodology used in this research is based on the ecological study of spatial analyses of cases of OML evaluated during the campaign for the prevention and early diagnosis of oral cancer conducted in 2012. Social exclusion was measured by the Social Exclusion Index (SEI). This study analyzed the average annual prevalence and the intensity and significance of urban agglomerations according to social exclusion, using Moran's Global Index and LISAMap. Results: The prevalence of OML in the elderly in Piracicaba was 8.00%, whereas the annual average for OML reached 1.20 cases/ neighborhood, given that the neighborhoods of Jardim Planalto (5.00) and Jardim Sao Francisco (9.00) registered the highest rates. Moran's Global Index was -0.238, suggesting the existence of an inverse spatial correlation. Clustering was also observed in neighborhoods located in the Central, East, and West regions of the city. Conclusion: In 2012, in the urban area of Piracicaba, a correlation was found between the sociospatial standard and the prevalence of OML, with the formation of clusters, which should be given priority by public policy efforts towards oral health for senior citizens.(AU)